Association of Coping Strategies with Death Anxiety through Mediating Role of Disease Perception in Patients with Breast Cancer
Abstract
Background: Understanding the disease symptoms is among the important psychological and behavioral variables in cancer treatment, which is based on the acquisition of information from different sources and patient's beliefs and can affect the mental health and capability of the individual in compliance with the disease. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of coping strategies with death anxiety through the mediation of disease perception in patients with breast cancer in Abadan city in 2020.
Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all patients with breast cancer in Abadan city and 200 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included the Death Anxiety Scale (DAS), the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ), and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief IPQ). The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant association between problem-focused strategy and disease perception (P= 0.002), problem-focused strategy and death anxiety (P= 0.001), emotion-focused strategy and disease perception (P= 0.001), disease perception and death anxiety (P= 0.001). There was no significant association between problem-focused strategy and death anxiety. The results of path analysis indicated that disease perception played a mediating role in the association between the emotion- and problem-focused strategies with death anxiety (P= 0.01).
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the death anxiety of patients with breast cancer.
Full text article
References
Plaza M, Cole D, Sanchez-Gonzalez MA, Starr CJ. Patient Throughput Times for Supplemental Breast Cancer Screening Exams. Archives of Breast Cancer. 2021:21-8.
Dianatinasab M, Mohammadianpanah M, Daneshi N, Zare-Bandamiri M, Rezaeianzadeh A, et al. Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behavior, and Late-Stage Diagnosis of Breast Cancer: Considering the Impact of Delay in Diagnosis. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(3):239-45.
Soleimani MA, Lehto RH, Negarandeh R, Bahrami N, Nia HS. Relationships between death anxiety and quality of life in Iranian patients with cancer. Asia-Pacific journal of oncology nursing. 2016;3(2):183.
Gevorgyan A, Bregni G, Galli G, Ganzinelli M, Martinetti A, et al. Body mass index and clinical benefit of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer. Tumori. 2016;102(4):e11-4.
Mahdavi A, Jenaabadi H, Mosavimoghadam SR, Langari SSS, Lavasani MG, et al. Relationship Between Mental, Existential, and Religious Well being and Death Anxiety in Women With Breast Cancer. Archives of Breast Cancer. 2019:29-34.
Chan DSM, Vieira AR, Aune D, Bandera EV, Greenwood DC, et al. Body mass index and survival in women with breast cancer-systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 82 follow-up studies. Ann Oncol. 2014;25(10):1901-14.
Klein WM, Stefanek ME. Cancer risk elicitation and communication: lessons from the psychology of risk perception. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57(3):147-67.
Lehto RH, Stein KF. Death anxiety: an analysis of an evolving concept. Res Theory Nurs Pract. 2009;23(1):23-41.
Wittkowski J. Coping and attitudes toward dying and death in German adults. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2016;72(4):316-39.
Abedini SM, Montazeri S, Khalatbari J. Comparison between Styles of Coping with Stress in Patient withMultiple Sclerosis and Healthy people in the East of Mazandaran. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2012;22(94):71-7.
Lazarus R, Folkman S. Coping and adaptation: Gilford Press; 1985.
Rabbani Zadeh M, Behzadi Pour S. The Study of Type D Personality and Cognitive Strategies of Emotion Regulation as Predictors of Happiness and Quality of Life in Women With Breast Cancer. Archives of Breast Cancer. 2017:64-9.
Farahbakhsh Beh S, Mehrinejad A, Moazedian A. Structural Model of Quality of Life in Patients with Breast Cancer: The Role of Psychological Hardiness, Religious Orientation, Perceived Social Protection and Self-Efficacy with Mediation of Resilience and Death Anxiety. The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam. 2019;8(1):86-98.
Sharifi Saki S, Alipour A, AghaYousefi AR, Mohammadi MR, Ghobari Bonab B, et al. The Relationship Between Attachment Style to God and Depression Among Female Breast-Cancer Patients: The Mediating Role of Illness Perception. Iranian Quarterly Journal of Breast Disease. 2018;11(1):47-57.
Bibi A, Khalid MA. Death anxiety, perceived social support, and demographic correlates of patients with breast cancer in Pakistan. Death Stud. 2020;44(12):787-92.
Mikulincer M, Florian V. Stress, coping, and fear of personal death: The case of middle-aged men facing early job retirement. Death Studies. 1995;19(5):413-31.
Monirpour N, Bakhshi S, Raeisi Z, Sadeghian S, Nourbaha A. Relationship between disease perception, coping strategies, and social support with adherence to treatment among patients with cardiovascular diseases. Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal. 2020; 21(5):1-10.
Soleimani MA, Tabiban S, Bakhshande H, Asghary M. Effect of illness perception intervention on death anxiety in hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2018;28(126):12-24.
Hashemi Razini H, Baheshmat Juybari S, Ramshini M. Relationship between coping strategies and locus of control with the anxiety of death in old people. Iranian Journal of Ageing. 2017;12(2):232-41.
Sharif Nia H, Pahlevan Sharif S, Koocher GP, Yaghoobzadeh A, Haghdoost AA, et al. Psychometric properties of the death anxiety scale-extended among patients with end-stage renal disease. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2020;80(3):380-96.
Van Liew C, Santoro MS, Edwards L, Kang J, Cronan TA. Assessing the structure of the ways of coping questionnaire in fibromyalgia patients using common factor analytic approaches. Pain research and management. 2016;2016.
Kordi M, Banaei Heravan M, Asgharipour N, Mazloum SR, Akhlaghi F. Relationship between self-care behaviors and coping styles in women with gestational diabetes. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 2016;26(139):190-202.
Broadbent E, Petrie KJ, Main J, Weinman J. The brief illness perception questionnaire. Journal of psychosomatic research. 2006;60(6):631-7.
Masaeli N, Bagherian R, Kheirabadi G, Khedri A, Mahaki B. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire in Chronic Diseases. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences. 2020;14(6):332-7.
Skinner E, Zimmer-Gembeck M. Coping. In: Friedman HS, editor. Encyclopedia of Mental Health (Second Edition). : Oxford: Academic Press; 2016.
Tuncay T, Musabak I, Gok DE, Kutlu M. The relationship between anxiety, coping strategies and characteristics of patients with diabetes. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2008;6(1):1-9.
Mehrabi E, Hajian S, Simbar M, Hoshyari M, Zayeri F. Coping response following a diagnosis of breast cancer: A systematic review. Electronic physician. 2015;7(8):1575.
Basharpoor S, NasriNasrabadi B, Heidari F, Molavi P. The role of health beliefs and illness perceptions in predicting health-promoting behaviors in cancer patients. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2018;6(2):102-13.
Gosain R, Gage-Bouchard E, Ambrosone C, Repasky E, Gandhi S, editors. Stress reduction strategies in breast cancer: Review of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic based strategies. Seminars in immunopathology; 2020: Springer.
Rush SE, Sharma M. Mindfulness-based stress reduction as a stress management intervention for cancer care: a systematic review. Journal of evidence-based complementary & alternative medicine. 2017;22(2):348-60.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2021 Archives of Breast Cancer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright©. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format or adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, except for commercial purposes.