Breast Cancer and Internal Mammary Sentinel Nodes: A Meta-Analysis

Khaldoun Bekdache (1), Takamaru Ashikaga (2), Renato Valdes Olmos (3), Owen Allan Ung (4), David Krag (5)
(1) University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America,
(2) University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America,
(3) Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands,
(4) Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia,
(5) University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
https://doi.org/10.19187/abc.2014115-14

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Issue
Vol 1, No 1: May 2014
Submitted
September 22, 2015
Published
May 31, 2014
Keywords:
    Breast Cancer, Lymphoscintigraphy, Extra-Axillary Nodes, Internal Mammary Nodes
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Abstract

Background: The management of internal mammary (IM) nodes in breast cancer lacks a well-defined consensus. Lymphoscintigraphy identifies up to one-third of breast cancer patients with extra-axillary drainage, which is mainly located in the IM chain. Our aim in this meta-analysis is to identify the lymphoscintigraphy technique variables that effect IM node identification.

Methods: An internet database was utilized to review articles concerning sentinel nodes and breast cancer from 1993 through the end of 2011; 74 articles met our inclusion criteria. The total number of patients included was 22959. We grouped the citations by injection location and injection material. We then analyzed the rate of identification of IM nodes according to these groupings and their subsets.

Results: The overall IM identification rate using the random effect model was 9%. The injection location had the most significant impact on IM identification rate; the deeper injections were associated with the highest rate of identification. Variation in IM identification was associated with the particle size of injection material; the smaller particle size group had a higher rate of identification. Increased dose of the tracer was also associated with increased identification rate.

Conclusions: The use of smaller particle size tracers and a deeper injection location achieve the highest IM identification rate. The dose of the tracer also increased the identification rate. These observations can help in the selection of patients for IM sentinel node biopsy, which can affect their prognosis and treatment management.

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Authors

Khaldoun Bekdache
University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
Takamaru Ashikaga
University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
Renato Valdes Olmos
Netherlands Cancer Institute, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
Owen Allan Ung
Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia
David Krag
University of Vermont, College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, United States of America
david.krag@uvm.edu (Primary Contact)
1.
Bekdache K, Ashikaga T, Olmos RV, Ung OA, Krag D. Breast Cancer and Internal Mammary Sentinel Nodes: A Meta-Analysis. Arch Breast Cancer [Internet]. 2014 May 31 [cited 2024 Dec. 22];1(1):5-14. Available from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/view/10
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Copyright (c) 2014 Khaldoun Bekdache, Takamaru Ashikaga, Renato Valdes Olmos, Owen Allan Ung, David Krag

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