A Unique Profile of Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome in Breast Cancer Patient in an Oncologic Center Surabaya, Indonesia Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome
Abstract
Background: Post Mastectomy Pain Syndrome (PMPS) is chronic neurophatic pain that is localized around the surgical site and can occur immediately or some time after surgery and lasts up to more than three months. Breast cancer is the most malignancy in women worldwide. Mastectomy is one of the treatment options for breast cancer that is often performed.
Goal: This research aims to provide an overview of the profile of breast cancer patients who experience PMPS at the Oncology Clinic at RSUD dr. Soetomo Surabaya in Desember 2023.
Method: This research uses a cross sectional to all breast cancer patients who experience PMPS. Samples were taken by consecutive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. We present our data descriptively in the tabulation of diagrams and tables.
Results: Based on the quality of pain, most patients complained of radiating pain (52.7%), followed by stinging (33.33%), and dullness (14%). Pain was mainly felt at the surgical area (94%) with the remaining 6% feeling pain in ipsilateral arm. A total 108 samples (60%) answered that they felt pain continously, and most of samples (86.7%) had a history of taking anti-pain medication to reduce complaints. Only about 36% of the samples said that pain improved over time.
Conclusion: At the Tertiary Oncologic Centre in Surabaya, most post-mastectomy pain syndrome patients were older, with luminal A type, and at higher TNM stages. The majority reported pain radiating from the surgery site, typically manifesting more than six months after the surgery.
Full text article
References
References
WHO. 2020. Breast Cancer Estimated incidence. Mortality and Prevalenve Worldwide in 2018. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/data/pdf/fact-sheets/cancers/cancer-fact-sheets-15.pdf.
Corradini S, Reitz D, Pazos M, Schönecker S, Braun M, Harbeck N, Matuschek C, Bölke E, Ganswindt U, Alongi F and Niyazi M. Mastectomy or breast-conserving therapy for early breast cancer in real-life clinical practice: outcome comparison of 7565 cases. Cancers. 2019. 11(2): 160.
Larsson IM, Sørensen JA, and Bille C. The Post‐mastectomy Pain Syndrome – A Systematic Review of the Treatment Modalities. Breast J. 2017. 23(3): 338–343. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12739.
Meijuan Y, Zhiyou P, Yuwen T, Ying F, and Xinzhong C. A retrospective study of postmastectomy pain syndrome: incidence, characteristics, risk factors, and influence on quality of life. ScientificWorldJournal. 2013. 15: 9732. doi: 10.1155/2013/159732.
Tait RC, Zoberi K, Ferguson M, Levenhagen K, Luebbert RA, Rowland K, Salsich GB, and Herndon C. Persistent Post-Mastectomy Pain: Risk Factors and Current Approaches to Treatment. J. Pain. 2018. 19:1367–1383. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.06.002
Chen VE, Greenberger BA, Shi Z, Gajjar S, Shi W, Mourad WF & Yan W. Post-mastectomy and post-breast conservation surgery pain syndrome: a review of etiologies, risk prediction, and trends in management. Translational cancer research. 2020. 9(Suppl 1), S77.
Gong Y, Tan Q, Qin Q and Wei C. Prevalence of postmastectomy pain syndrome and associated risk factors. Medicine. 2020. 99(20): e19834. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000019834.
Calapai M, Puzzo L, Bova G, Vecchio DA, Blandino R, Barbagallo A, and Mannucci, C et al., 2023. Effects of Physical Exercise and Motor Activity on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome. Antioxidants, 12(3), 643. doi: 10.3390/antiox12030643.
Kuliński W and Kosno M. Quality of life in women after mastectomy: Clinical and social study. Wiad Lek; 2021. 74: 429-435.
Laamiri FZ, Bouayad A, Hasswane N, Ahid S, Mrabet M, and Amina B. Risk Factors for Breast Cancer of Different Age Groups: Moroccan Data. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2015. 5(02): 79. doi: 10.4236/ojog.2015.52011
Xu YL, Sun Q, Shan GL, Zhang J, Liao HB, Li SY, Jiang J, Shao ZM, Jiang HC, Shen NC, Shi Y, Yu CZ, Zhang BN, Chen YH, Duan XN, and Li B. A case-control study on risk factors of breast cancer in China. Arch Med Sci. 2012. 8(2): 303–9. DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2012.28558
Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. Menarche, menopause, and breast cancer risk: individual participant meta-analysis, including 118 964 women with breast cancer from 117 epidemiological studies. The Lancet Oncol. 2012. 13(11): 1141–51. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70425-4. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(12)70425-4.
Macdonald L, Bruce J, Scott NW, Smith WC, and Chambers WA. Long-term follow-up of breast cancer survivors with post-mastectomy pain syndrome. Br J Cancer. 2005. 92: 225–30. doi: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602304.
Becker C, Pham DN, Assouad J, Badia A, Foucault C, and Riquet M. Postmastectomy neuropathic pain: results of microsurgical lymph nodes transplantation. Breast. 17: 472–6. doi: 10.1016/j.breast. 2007.12.007.
Beaber EF, Buist DSM, Barlow WE, Malone KE, Reed SD, and Li CI. Recent oral contraceptive use by formulation and breast cancer risk among women 20-49 years of age. Cancer Res. 2014. 74: 4078-4089. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-13-3400
Chappell AG, Bai J, Yuksel S, Ellis MF. Post-Mastectomy Pain Syndrome: Defining Perioperative Etiologies to Guide New Methods of Prevention for Plastic Surgeons. World J Plast Surg. 2020 Sep;9 (3):247-253. doi: 10.29252/wjps.9.3.247.
Langford, DJ, Paul SM, West C, Levine JD, Hamolsky D, Elboim C, Schmidt BL, Cooper BA, Abrams G, Aouizerat BE, and Miaskowski C. Persistent breast pain following breast cancer surgery is associated with persistent sensory changes, pain interference, and functional impairments. J Pain. 2014. 15(12): 1227–37. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2014.08.014.
Miaskowski C, Cooper B, Paul SM, West C, Langford D, Levine JD, Abrams G, Hamolsky D, Dunn L, Dodd M, Neuhaus J, Baggott C, Dhruva A, Schmidt B, Cataldo J, Merriman J, and Aouizerat BE. Identification of Patient Subgroups and Risk Factors for Persistent Breast Pain Following Breast Cancer Surger. J Pain. 2012. 13(12): 1172–1187. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2012.09.013
Mørch LS, Skovlund CW, Hannaford PC, Iversen L, Fielding S, and Lidegaard. Contemporary hormonal contraception and the risk of breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2017. 377: 2228–2239. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1700732.
Stevens PE, Dibble SL amd Miaskowski C. Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of postmastectomy pain syndrome: an investigation of women's experiences. Pain. 1995. 61(1): 61–68. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(94)00162-8.
Stevens PE, Dibble SL and Miaskowski C. Prevalence, characteristics, and impact of postmastectomy pain syndrome: an investigation of women's experiences. Pain. 1995. 61(1): 61–68.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2024 Archives of Breast Cancer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright©. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format or adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, except for commercial purposes.