The impact of miRNA- 425 and miRNA- 373 in the pathogenesis of Breast Cancer Role of miRNA-425 and miRNA-373 in BC Pathogenesis

Abstract

Background: It is possible that biomarkers that track treatment effectiveness may be very helpful for prognosis prediction, therapy directing, and early response assessment. Regulating genes after transcription has occurred is the job of microRNAs, a kind of noncoding RNA that is only 22 nucleotides long. A member of a similar cell superficial glycoproteins' family, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a clinically significant tumour marker. Researchers discovered that resistin promotes stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, two processes that are essential for tumorigenesis and metastasis, in cells of cancer of breast. Aim of the study: The gaol of the work is to examine cancer-stricken Iraqi women's blood CEA and resistin levels as well as their miRNA-425 and miRNA-373 gene expressions. Patients and methods: This study included100 womens with BC who attended Al-Amal Hospital / Baghdad/Iraq, for the period from June 2023 to October  2023.The study's experimental work was carried out in the Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute for Postgraduate Studies / University of Baghdad and laboratories of Al-Amal Hospital. The parameters were evaluated using questionnaires and evaluations of medical records, including human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors, disease Progesterone(PR), grade, age, tumor stage, family history, type, location, and Estrogen(ER). Results: Sera' levels (median (IQR)) of Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) were higher significantly in patients with breast cancer (BC) group in comparisons with healthy controls (HCs), 104.05 pg/ml versus 26.85 pg/ml with (p< 0.001), respectively. Sera' levels (median (IQR)) of Resistin (RETN) were higher significantly in BC group in comparisons with HCs, 1.16 ng/ml versus 0.41 ng/ml, respectively (p< 0.001). Expression levels of miR-373 were higher significantly in BC group in comparisons with HCs, (median (IQR)) 3.54 (8.23) fold changeversus1 fold change, respectively (p< 0.001). Expression levels of miR-425 were higher significantly in BC group in comparisons with HCs,(median (IQR)) 4.80 (10.22) fold change versus 1 fold change, respectively (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Resistin (RETN), miR-373 and miR-425 are potential biomarkers that can be helpful in the diagnositic workup of BC in addition to prognostic and therapeutic implications.