Female Breast Cancer in Northern Ghana: A Retrospective Histopathological Study at the Department of Pathology of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) (2012 To 2021) Burden of breast cancer in northern Ghana

Edmund Der (1), Francis A. Abantanga (2)
(1) Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies; PO Box TL Tamale; Department of Pathology, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana,
(2) Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University for Development Studies, Tamale; Department of Surgery, Tamale Teaching Hospital, Tamale, Ghana

Abstract

Background: Data on breast cancer (BC) in northern Ghana is scant. The aim of this study was to provide data on the clinicopathological, prognostic and molecular characteristics of BC in females of northern Ghana.


Methods: Data on breast cancer patients (n = 1,913) in the Department of Pathology of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) was collected from 1st January, 2012 to 31st December, 2021 and analysed at four levels: introduction, clinico-pathological features, prognostic stratification using the NPI score and the molecular subtypes of BC based on IHC Status. Associations between variables were determined by Fisher’s exact test.


Results: There were 1,191 (62.3%) benign and 722 (37.7%) malignant tumors. A gradual rise in the relative proportions of the female BCs over the period was observed. The mean age (years) of BCs diagnosed in small to medium size samples was 47.7±16.0, and 36.4% were aged <40 years. The commonest clinical presentation of BC was a palpable breast lump (65.5%). Majority of the BC patients presented 3 months after the onset of the illness. Invasive ductal carcinoma was the commonest subtype of BC (78.0%), and the great majority (93.1%) had a combined (II & III) high histological grade (P<0.0001). Stratifying women diagnosed with BC into prognostic categories using the NPI, 15.4% had excellent prognosis, compared to 49.2% with poor prognosis.


Conclusion: The study identified breast cancer as a common breast disease among women in the study area with advanced clinico-pathological features at presentation, and therefore, poor prognosis even at the time of diagnosis.

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Authors

Edmund Der
edmunder1869@gmail.com (Primary Contact)
Francis A. Abantanga
1.
Der E, Abantanga FA. Female Breast Cancer in Northern Ghana: A Retrospective Histopathological Study at the Department of Pathology of the Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH) (2012 To 2021): Burden of breast cancer in northern Ghana. Arch Breast Cancer [Internet]. 2023 Feb. 8 [cited 2024 Jul. 16];10(2):164-7. Available from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/view/641

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