Global Distribution of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Scoping Review IGM Global Distribution
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a challenging exclusion diagnosis for breast lesions, manifested as benign, chronic inflammation of the breast tissue. Although some evidence suggest that IGM cases are not uniformly distributed worldwide, few investigations have specifically addressed this topic. This study aims to examine the distribution of IGM cases among countries and races/ethnicities based on reported cases.
Methods: A review of studies with a report of at least one IGM patient published from 2011 to 2020 inclusive was conducted. The search was performed in MEDLINE, and citations were filtered in two stages by title/abstract and full text. Those cases with a positive growth of pathogens, male granulomatous mastitis and review articles were excluded.
Results: Among 365 retrieved publications, 218 were finally included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, comprising 7161 patients from 34 different countries. Turkey, the United States, and China were the countries where the most publications (including case reports) originated. Considering the number of patients within papers, Turkey, Iran, and China were the pioneers.
Conclusion: Based on the published literature, some populations seem to be more prone to IGM. Further investigations may reveal the genetic and environmental factors associated with this disease in different geographic areas.
Full text article
References
Kessler E, Wolloch Y. Granulomatous mastitis: a lesion clinically simulating carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 1972;58(6):642-646. doi: 10.1093/AJCP/58.6.642.
Barreto DS, Sedgwick EL, Nagi CS, Benveniste AP. Granulomatous mastitis: etiology, imaging, pathology, treatment, and clinical findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;171(3):527-534. doi: 10.1007/S10549-018-4870-3.
Thomas VM, Alexander SA, Bindal P, Vredenburgh J. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis-A Mystery Yet to be Unraveled: A Case Series and Review of Literature. Cureus. 2020;12(2). doi: 10.7759/CUREUS.6895.
Patel RA, Strickland P, Sankara IR, Pinkston G, Many W, Rodriguez M. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Case Reports and Review of Literature. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2010;25(3):270-273. doi: 10.1007/s11606-009-1207-2.
Gurleyik G, Aktekin A, Aker F, Karagulle H, Saglamc A. Medical and surgical treatment of idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis: a benign inflammatory disease mimicking invasive carcinoma. J Breast Cancer. 2012;15(1):119-123. doi: 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.1.119.
Wolfrum A, Kümmel S, Theuerkauf I, Pelz E, Reinisch M. Granulomatous Mastitis: A Therapeutic and Diagnostic Challenge. Breast Care (Basel). 2018;13(6):413-418. doi: 10.1159/000495146.
CDC. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis in Hispanic women - Indiana, 2006-2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(47):1317-1321.
Coombe RF, Hamed H. An update on granulomatous mastitis: a rare and complex condition. Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2021;82(5):1-7. doi: 10.12968/hmed.2020.0718.
Aghajanzadeh M, Hassanzadeh R, Alizadeh Sefat S, Alavi A, Hemmati H, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: Presentations, diagnosis, treatment and outcome in 206 patients from the north of Iran. Breast. 2015;24(4):456-460. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.04.003.
Leonardo NM, McNeil J. Behcet’s Disease: Is There Geographical Variation? A Review Far from the Silk Road. Int J Rheumatol. 2015;2015:945262. doi: 10.1155/2015/945262.
CDC. Malaria - Malaria Worldwide - Impact of Malaria. Published 2020. Accessed March 18, 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/malaria_worldwide/impact.html
Feuerstein JD, Cheifetz AS. Crohn Disease: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2017;92(7):1088-1103. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.04.010.
Pandey TS, Mackinnon JC, Bressler L, Millar A, Marcus EE, Ganschow PS. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis--a prospective study of 49 women and treatment outcomes with steroid therapy. Breast J. 2014;20(3):258-266. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12263.
Collegiate Dictionary. Merriam-Webster; 2003. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-unxAQAACAAJ
Sankar P, Cho MK. Genetics. Toward a new vocabulary of human genetic variation. Science. 2002;298(5597):1337-1338. doi: 10.1126/science.1074447.
Whaley AL. Ethnicity/race, ethics, and epidemiology. J Natl Med Assoc. 2003;95(8):736-742.
Levac D, Colquhoun H, O’Brien KK. Scoping studies: advancing the methodology. Implement Sci. 2010;5:69. doi: 10.1186/1748-5908-5-69.
Arksey H, O’Malley L. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 2005;8(1):19-32. doi: 10.1080/1364557032000119616.
Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al. PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med. 2018;169(7):467-473. doi: 10.7326/M18-0850.
World Bank Country and Lending Groups – World Bank Data Help Desk. Accessed March 30, 2022. https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups
Uysal E, Soran A, Sezgin E. Factors related to recurrence of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: what do we learn from a multicentre study? ANZ J Surg. 2018;88(6):635-639. doi: 10.1111/ans.14115.
Yuksekdag S, Yildiz A, Yildirak K, Ayranci G, Cibiroglu E, Ezberci F, et al. Conservative management of 154 patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Simple is better? Ann Ital Chir. 2020;91:154-160.
Kaviani A, Vasigh M, Omranipour R, Mahmoudzadeh H, Elahi A, Farivar L, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Looking for the most effective therapy with the least side effects according to the severity of the disease in 374 patients in Iran. Breast J. 2019;25(4):672-677. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13300.
Çetin K, Sıkar HE, Güllüoğlu BM. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with erythema nodosum: Is it a variant of clinical presentation indicating treatment resistance? A retrospective cohort study. The Breast Journal. 2020;26(9):1645-1651. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13944.
Azizi A, Prasath V, Canner J, Gharib M, Sadat Fattahi A, Naser Forghani M, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Management and predictors of recurrence in 474 patients. Breast J. 2020;26(7):1358-1362. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13822.
Chen L, Zhang XY, Wang YW, Zhao QF, Ding HY. [Granulomatous lobular mastitis: a clinicopathological analysis of 300 cases]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2019;48(3):231-236. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0529-5807.2019.03.012.
Illman JE, Terra SB, Clapp AJ, Hunt KN, Fazzio RT, Shah SS, et al. Granulomatous diseases of the breast and axilla: radiological findings with pathological correlation. Insights Imaging. 2018;9(1):59-71. doi: 10.1007/s13244-017-0587-9.
Prasad S, Jaiprakash P, Dave A, Pai D. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: an institutional experience. Turk J Surg. 2017;33(2):100-103. doi: 10.5152/turkjsurg.2017.3439.
Yılmaz TU, Gürel B, Güler SA, Baran MA, Erşan B, Duman S, et al. Scoring Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: An Effective System for Predicting Recurrence? Eur J Breast Health. 2018;14(2):112-116. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.3709.
Yaghan R, Hamouri S, Ayoub NM, Yaghan L, Mazahreh T. A Proposal of a Clinically Based Classification for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2019;20(3):929-934. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2019.20.3.929.
Zhang X, Li Y, Zhou Y, Liu D, Chen L, Niu K, Sun Q, et al. A systematic surgical approach for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a case series. Gland Surg. 2020;9(2):261-270. doi: 10.21037/gs.2020.02.06.
Akcan A, Oz AB, Dogan S, Akgün H, Akyüz M, Ok E, et al. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Comparison of Wide Local Excision with or without Corticosteroid Therapy. Breast Care (Basel). 2014;9(2):111-115. doi: 10.1159/000360926.
Deng JQ, Yu L, Yang Y, Feng XJ, Sun J, Liu J, et al. Steroids administered after vacuum-assisted biopsy in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. J Clin Pathol. 2017;70(10):827-831. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2016-204287.
Altunkeser A, Arslan FZ, Eryılmaz MA. Magnetic resonance imaging findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: can it be an indirect sign of treatment success or fail? BMC Med Imaging. 2019;19(1):94. doi: 10.1186/s12880-019-0397-2.
Koksal H. The Clinical Utility of Autoantibodies in Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 2022;35(2):325-329. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1861666.
Helal TEA, Shash LS, Saad El-Din SA, Saber SM. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Cytologic and Histologic Study of 65 Egyptian Patients. Acta Cytol. 2016;60(5):438-444. doi: 10.1159/000448800.
Karanlik H, Ozgur I, Simsek S, Fathalizadeh A, Tukenmez M, Sahin D, et al. Can Steroids plus Surgery Become a First-Line Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis? Breast Care (Basel). 2014;9(5):338-342. doi: 10.1159/000366437.
Seo HR, Na KY, Yim HE, Kim TH, Kang DK, Oh KK, et al. Differential diagnosis in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and tuberculous mastitis. J Breast Cancer. 2012;15(1):111-118. doi: 10.4048/jbc.2012.15.1.111.
Lin M, Liu J, Guo F, Wei L, Zhu S. Granulomatous mastitis: presentation, treatment, and outcome. Am Surg. 2014;80(3):E82-3.
Zhang X, Li J, Hu XJ. Postoperative Yanghe decoction regimen improves outcomes for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine. 2020;99(45). Available from: https://journals.lww.com/md-journal/Fulltext/2020/11060/Postoperative_Yanghe_decoction_regimen_improves.88.aspx
Tekgöz E, Çolak S, Çinar M, Yilmaz S. Treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and factors related with disease recurrence. Turk J Med Sci. 2020;50(5):1380-1386. doi: 10.3906/sag-2003-93.
Hur SM, Cho DH, Lee SK, Choi MY, Bae SY, Koo MY, et al. Experience of treatment of patients with granulomatous lobular mastitis. J Korean Surg Soc. 2013;85(1):1-6. doi: 10.4174/jkss.2013.85.1.1.
Aksan H, Kundaktepe BP, Sayili U, Velidedeoglu M, Simsek G, Koksal S, et al. Circulating miR-155, let-7c, miR-21, and PTEN levels in differential diagnosis and prognosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer. Biofactors. 2020;46(6):955-962. doi: 10.1002/biof.1676.
Mizrakli T, Velidedeoglu M, Yemisen M, Mete B, Kilic F, Yilmaz H, et al. Corticosteroid treatment in the management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis to avoid unnecessary surgery. Surg Today. 2015;45(4):457-465. doi: 10.1007/s00595-014-0966-5.
Salehi M, Salehi H, Moafi M, Taleban R, Tabatabaei SA, Salehi M, et al. Comparison of the effect of surgical and medical therapy for the treatment of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. 2014;19(Suppl 1):S5-8.
Davis J, Cocco D, Matz S, Hsu CH, Brown MJ, Lee J, et al. Re-evaluating if observation continues to be the best management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Surgery. 2019;166(6):1176-1180. doi: 10.1016/j.surg.2019.06.030.
Tang A, Dominguez DA, Edquilang JK, Green AJ, Khoury AL, Godfrey RS. Granulomatous Mastitis: Comparison of Novel Treatment of Steroid Injection and Current Management. J Surg Res. 2020;254:300-305. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.04.018.
Çetin K, Sıkar HE, Göret NE, Rona G, Barışık NÖ, Küçük HF, et al. Comparison of Topical, Systemic, and Combined Therapy with Steroids on Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: A Prospective Randomized Study. World J Surg. 2019;43(11):2865-2873. doi: 10.1007/s00268-019-05084-x.
Liu PZ, Shi XG, Zuo XM, Lai R, Zhao Z, Yang ZR, et al. A clinical study on the treatment of granulomatous lobular mastitis by the external application of the internal pus-expelling decoction and operation. Ann Palliat Med. 2020;9(5):2631-2641. doi: 10.21037/apm-19-684.
Tan QT, Tay SP, Gudi MA, Nadkarni NV, Lim SH, Chuwa EWL. Granulomatous Mastitis and Factors Associated with Recurrence: An 11-Year Single-Centre Study of 113 Patients in Singapore. World J Surg. 2019;43(7):1737-1745. doi: 10.1007/s00268-019-05014-x.
Korkut E, Akcay MN, Karadeniz E, Subasi ID, Gursan N. Granulomatous Mastitis: A Ten-Year Experience at a University Hospital. Eurasian J Med. 2015;47(3):165-173. doi: 10.5152/eurasianjmed.2015.118.
Co M, Cheng VCC, Wei J, Wong SCY, Chan SMS, Shek T, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: a 10-year study from a multicentre clinical database. Pathology. 2018;50(7):742-747. doi: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.08.010.
Li J. Diagnosis and Treatment of 75 Patients with Idiopathic Lobular Granulomatous Mastitis. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 2019;32(5):414-420. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2018.1424270.
Yabanoğlu H, Çolakoğlu T, Belli S, Aytac HO, Bolat FA, Pourbagher A, et al. A Comparative Study of Conservative versus Surgical Treatment Protocols for 77 Patients with Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Breast J. 2015;21(4):363-369. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12415.
Cornejo-Juárez P, Vilar-Compte D, Pérez-Jiménez C, González-Ordoñez H, Maldonado-Martínez H, Pérez-Badillo MP, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Experience at a cancer center. Revista de investigacion clinica; organo del Hospital de Enfermedades de la Nutricion. 2014;66(5):393-398.
Kıvılcım T, Altıntoprak F, Memiş B, Ferhatoğlu MF, Kartal A, Dikicier E, et al. Role of Bacteriological Agents in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Real or Not? Eur J Breast Health. 2019;15(1):32-36. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2018.4249.
Arslan S, Öncü F, Eryılmaz MA, Durmaz MS, Altunkeser A, Ünlü Y. Advantages of b-mode ultrasound combined with strain elastography in differentiation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis from malignant breast lesions. Turk J Med Sci. 2018;48(1):16-23. doi: 10.3906/sag-1708-34.
Alikhassi A, Azizi F, Ensani F. Imaging features of granulomatous mastitis in 36 patients with new sonographic signs. J Ultrasound. 2020;23(1):61-68. doi: 10.1007/s40477-019-00392-3.
Shin YD, Park SS, Song YJ, Son SM, Choi YJ. Is surgical excision necessary for the treatment of Granulomatous lobular mastitis? BMC Womens Health. 2017;17(1):49. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0412-0.
Mohammed S, Statz A, Lacross JS, Lassinger BK, Contreras A, Gutierrez C, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: a 10 year experience from a large inner city county hospital. J Surg Res. 2013;184(1):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2013.06.047.
Dursun M, Yilmaz S, Yahyayev A, Salmaslioglu A, Yavuz E, Igci A, et al. Multimodality imaging features of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: outcome of 12 years of experience. Radiol Med. 2012;117(4):529-538. doi: 10.1007/s11547-011-0733-2.
Porembka JH, Compton L, Omar L, Sharma P, Clark H, Ahn R, et al. Breast ultrasound utilization in a safety net emergency department. Emerg Radiol. 2019;26(2):123-131. doi: 10.1007/s10140-018-1651-6.
Lacambra M, Thai TA, Lam CC, Yu AM, Pham HT, Tran PV, et al. Granulomatous mastitis: the histological differentials. J Clin Pathol. 2011;64(5):405-411. doi: 10.1136/jcp.2011.089565.
Toprak N, Toktas O, Ince S, Gunduz AM, Yokus A, Akdeniz H, et al. Does ARFI elastography complement B-mode ultrasonography in the radiological diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma? Acta Radiol. 2022;63(1):28-34. doi: 10.1177/0284185120983568.
Basim P, Argun D. A Comparison of the Circulating Endocan Levels between the Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases of the Same Organ: The Breast. Journal of investigative surgery : the official journal of the Academy of Surgical Research. 2021;34(11):1207-1213. doi: 10.1080/08941939.2020.1792008
Atak T, Sagiroglu J, Eren T, Ali Özemir I, Alimoglu O. Strategies to treat idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: retrospective analysis of 40 patients. Breast Dis. 2015;35(1):19-24. doi: 10.3233/BD-140373.
Kehribar DY, Duran TI, Polat AK, Ozgen M. Effectiveness of Methotrexate in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis Treatment. Am J Med Sci. 2020;360(5):560-565. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.05.029.
Aslan H, Arer IM, Pourbagher A, Ozen M. Is there a correlation between the severity of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis and pre-treatment Shear-Wave Elastography Findings? Original research. Ann Ital Chir. 2018;89:489-494.
Steuer AB, Stern MJ, Cobos G, Castilla C, Joseph KA, Pomeranz MK, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Medical Management of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. JAMA Dermatol. 2020;156(4):460-464. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2019.4516
Chirappapha P, Thaweepworadej P, Supsamutchai C, Biadul N, Lertsithichai P. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A retrospective cohort study between 44 patients with different treatment modalities. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2018;36:162-167. doi: 10.1016/j.amsu.2018.11.001.
Cheng J, Ding H ye, DU Y tang. [Granulomatous lobular mastitis associated with mammary duct ectasia: a clinicopathologic study of 32 cases with review of literature]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi. 2013;42(10):665-668.
Vanovcanova L, Lehotska V, Machalekova K, Waczulikova I, Minarikova E, Rauova K, et al. Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis - a new approach in diagnostics and treatment. Neoplasma. 2019;66(4):661-668. doi: 10.4149/neo_2019_190201N100.
Gopalakrishnan Nair C, Hiran, Jacob P, Menon RR, Misha. Inflammatory diseases of the non-lactating female breasts. Int J Surg. 2015;13:8-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2014.11.022.
Zhang L, Hu J, Guys N, Meng J, Chu J, Zhang W, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging in relation to morphology on dynamic contrast enhancement MRI: the diagnostic value of characterizing non-puerperal mastitis. Eur Radiol. 2018;28(3):992-999. doi: 10.1007/s00330-017-5051-1.
Aslan H, Pourbagher A, Colakoglu T. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: magnetic resonance imaging findings with diffusion MRI. Acta Radiol. 2016;57(7):796-801. doi: 10.1177/0284185115609804
Kayahan M, Kadioglu H, Muslumanoglu M. Management of Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis: Analysis of 31 Cases. Breast Care (Basel). 2012;7(3):226-230. doi: 10.1159/000337758.
Yao C, Chen LL, Li YP, Peng CZ, Li MK, Yao J. [Multi-variated analysis of differential diagnosis in ultrasonography of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and invasive ductal carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi. 2018;40(3):222-226. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.03.013.
Akalın Ç, Altaş H, Akçay Çelik M. White Blood Count Can Be a Practical Guide for the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Abscess and Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Cureus. 2020;12(9):e10468. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10468.
Tekin L, Dinç Elibol F. Is There any Relationship Between Granulomatous Mastitis and Seasons? An Analysis of Seasonal Frequency, Clinical, and Radiologic Findings. Eur J Breast Health. 2020;16(4):235-243. doi: 10.5152/ejbh.2020.5897
Montazer M, Dadashzadeh M, Moosavi Toomatari SE. Comparison of the Outcome of Low Dose and High-Dose Corticosteroid in the Treatment of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2020;21(4):993-996. doi: 10.31557/APJCP.2020.21.4.993.
Bouton ME, Jayaram L, O’Neill PJ, Hsu CH, Komenaka IK. Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis with observation. Am J Surg. 2015;210(2):258-262. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2014.08.044.
Liao H, Guo J, Chen X, Hua Z, Lin J, Weng Y. Ultrasound classification-guided minimally invasive rotary cutting in granulomatous lobular mastitis. BMC Womens Health. 2020;20(1):252. doi: 10.1186/s12905-020-01118-y.
Yilmaz R, Demir AA, Kaplan A, Sahin D, Ozkurt E, Dursun M, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging features of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: is there any contribution of diffusion-weighted imaging in the differential diagnosis? Radiol Med. 2016;121(11):857-866. doi: 10.1007/s11547-016-0666-x.
Farouk O, Abdelkhalek M, Abdallah A, Shata A, Senbel A, Attia E, et al. Rifampicin for Idiopathic Granulomatous Lobular Mastitis: A Promising Alternative for Treatment. World J Surg. 2017;41(5):1313-1321. doi: 10.1007/s00268-016-3857-7.
Teke M, Teke F, Alan B, Türkoğlu A, Hamidi C, Göya C, et al. Differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging. J Med Ultrason (2001). 2017;44(1):109-115. doi: 10.1007/s10396-016-0749-2.
Ucaryilmaz H, Koksal H, Emsen A, Kadoglou N, Dixon JM, Artac H. The Role of Regulatory T and B Cells in the Etiopathogenesis of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Immunol Invest. 2022;51(2):357-367. doi: 10.1080/08820139.2020.1832114.
Mahmodlou R, Dadkhah N, Abbasi F, Nasiri J, Valizadeh R. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: dilemmas in diagnosis and treatment. Electron Physician. 2017;9(9):5375-5379. doi: 10.19082/5375.
Oran EŞ, Gürdal SÖ, Yankol Y, Öznur M, Calay Z, Tunacı M, et al. Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis diagnosed by core biopsy: a retrospective multicenter study. Breast J. 2013;19(4):411-418. doi: 10.1111/tbj.12123.
Koksal H, Vatansev H, Artac H, Kadoglou N. The clinical value of interleukins-8, -10, and -17 in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020;39(5):1671-1677. doi: 10.1007/s10067-020-04925-8.
Yaghan RJ, Ayoub NM, Hamouri S, Al-Mohtaseb A, Gharaibeh M, Yaghan L, et al. The Role of Establishing a Multidisciplinary Team for Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in Improving Patient Outcomes and Spreading Awareness about Recent Disease Trends. Int J Breast Cancer. 2020;2020:5243958. doi: 10.1155/2020/5243958.
Koksal H. Human leukocyte antigens class I and II in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Am J Surg. 2019;218(3):605-608. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2019.01.038.
Yildiz S, Aralasmak A, Kadioglu H, Toprak H, Yetis H, Gucin Z, et al. Radiologic findings of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Med Ultrason. 2015;17(1):39-44. doi: 10.11152/mu.2013.2066.171.rfm.
Elzahaby IA, Khater A, Fathi A, Hany I, Abdelkhalek M, Gaballah K, et al. Etiologic revelation and outcome of the surgical management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis; An Egyptian centre experience. Breast Dis. 2016;36(4):115-122. doi: 10.3233/BD-160238.
Cetinkaya OA, Celik SU, Terzioglu SG, Eroglu A. The Predictive Value of the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Recurrent Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis. Eur J Breast Health. 2020;16(1):61-65. doi: 10.5152/EJBH.2019.5187.
Martinez-Ramos D, Simon-Monterde L, Suelves-Piqueres C, Queralt-Martin R, Granel-Villach L, Laguna-Sastre JM, et al. Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A systematic review of 3060 patients. Breast J. 2019;25(6):1245-1250. doi: 10.1111/tbj.13446.
Langer-Gould A, Brara SM, Beaber BE, Zhang JL. Incidence of multiple sclerosis in multiple racial and ethnic groups. Neurology. 2013;80(19):1734-1739. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182918cc2.
Aziz H, Hussain F, Sohn C, Mediavillo R, Saitta A, Hussain A, et al. Early onset of breast carcinoma in African American women with poor prognostic factors. Am J Clin Oncol. 1999;22(5):436-440. doi: 10.1097/00000421-199910000-00002.
Bonuck KA, Freeman K, Trombley M. Country of origin and race/ethnicity: impact on breastfeeding intentions. Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association. 2005;21(3):320-326. doi: 10.1177/0890334405278249.
Jones KM, Power ML, Queenan JT, Schulkin J. Racial and ethnic disparities in breastfeeding. Breastfeeding medicine : the official journal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine. 2015;10(4):186-196. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2014.0152.
Authors
Copyright (c) 2022 Archives of Breast Cancer
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Copyright©. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International License, which permits copy and redistribution of the material in any medium or format or adapt, remix, transform, and build upon the material for any purpose, except for commercial purposes.